Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR)

EMDR is a therapy using guided eye movements to process and reduce distressing memories and feelings. Originally developed to treat trauma, EMDR has been adapted for a variety of mental health conditions.

The EMDR Process

1. History Taking – The therapist gathers your personal history, current concerns, and treatment goals, identifying potential targets for EMDR processing (distressing memories, triggers, or beliefs).

2. Preparation – You learn about EMDR, what to expect, and techniques for emotional regulation so you feel safe and supported during processing.

3. Assessment – The therapist helps you select a specific memory to target, identifying associated images, beliefs, emotions, and body sensations.

4. Desensitization – You focus on the memory while engaging in bilateral stimulation (such as guided eye movements, tapping, or sounds) to reduce emotional intensity.

5. Installation – A positive belief you want to associate with the memory is strengthened and integrated.

6. Body Scan – You notice any remaining tension or discomfort in your body, allowing the therapist to address lingering distress.

7. Closure – The therapist ensures you return to a state of stability before ending the session, using grounding or relaxation techniques as needed.

8. Reevaluation – At the start of the next session, the therapist reviews previous work, assesses progress, and identifies any new targets for processing.

FAQs

  • There are a few theories on why EMDR is an effective therapy. The working memory taxation theory of EMDR says that recalling a distressing memory while doing a task like guided eye movements uses up your brain’s limited working memory. Because both tasks compete for space, the memory becomes less vivid and less emotionally intense, making it less distressing over time.

    Other theories include the REM Sleep Simulation Theory, that eye movements mimic rapid eye movement during sleep, which is linked to emotional processing and memory integration, or the Orienting Response Theory, that bilateral stimulation triggers a natural, calming attention shift that helps reduce distress.

  • Bilateral stimulation is utilized during therapists during EMDR to help clients process a memory or install a belief. The goal is to stimulate the senses on both sides of the body, whether it is through eye movement, sounds, physical tapping, or other techniques that the client finds helpful.

  • Your therapist will work with you during the intake to decide on a therapy modality that fits your unique needs. EMDR works well for trauma, intrusive thoughts, phobias, addiction cravings, anticipatory anxiety, and other common concerns.

  • The number of EMDR sessions can vary a lot depending on the person, the complexity of their history, and their goals.

    For many people targeting a single, specific event, it might take about 6–12 sessions (including preparation and processing). For those with multiple traumas, complex PTSD, or long-standing patterns, EMDR may be part of longer-term therapy that can extend to months or more.